An Overview of Survey on Antihypertensive Drugs

Suraj V. Bondre, Rushikesh S. Chavan, Indrayani D. Raut*, Shrinivas K. Mohite,

Chandrakant S. Magdum

Rajarambapu College of Pharmacy, Kasegaon (MS) India 415404.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: idraut7363@gmail.com

ABSTRACT:

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack, stroke, aneurysm and heart failure. Keeping blood pressure under control is important for health preserving and reducing the risk of these dangerous conditions. An estimated 1.13 billion people from worldwide suffering from the problem of hypertension, out of which most are living in low and middle-income countries. In 2015, 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women had hypertension. The current survey was undertaken to evaluate which drugs are prescribed frequently by the medical practitioners of Yewalewadi region. This paper revealed the study was to find out the most frequently used drug for the treatment of hypertension with antihypertensive drugs. The study revealed that calcium channel blocker drugs were most used drugs followed by Angiotensin receptor blocker.

KEYWORDS: Hypertension, Antihypertensive drugs, Survey, Calcium channel blocker.

INTRODUCTION:

According to the World Health Organization report, hypertension is the most common cardiovascular condition in the world and there are about 600 million people at risk for heart attack, stroke and cardiac failure ¹. Hypertension is currently measure disorder obtain in the world population². Hypertension is most important risk factor for developing cardiovascular diseases worldwide³.

HYPERTENTION:

High blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) is when your blood pressure, the force of your blood pushing against the walls of your blood vessels, is consistently too high. The blood pressure normal level is below 120/80, where 120 systolic measurement (peak pressure in the arteries) and 80 diastolic measurement (minimum pressure in the arteries).

Blood pressure called prehypertension is between 120/80 and 139/89 (to denote increased risk of hypertension), and hypertension 140/90 or above⁴.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE:

Antihypertensive drugs are a class of drugs that are used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure)⁵. Hypertension is a primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including heart attack, stroke, aneurysm, heart failure and myocardial infarction. Keeping blood pressure under control is important for health preserving and reducing the risk of these dangerous conditions⁶. Evidence suggests that reduction of the blood pressure by 5mmHg can decrease by 34% of the risk of stroke, 21% ischemic heart disease and reduce the likelihood of dementia, heart failure, and mortality from cardiovascular disease⁷.

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS: CLASSIFICATION:

Antihypertensive drugs are thiazide diuretics, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, Angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), Adrenergic receptor antagonist and vasodilator etc^8,9. The current survey was undertaken to evaluate which drugs are prescribed frequently by the medical practitioners.

Therefore, this study was carried out to find the current prescribing pattern of antihypertensive drugs and efficacy of these drugs in maintaining adequate blood pressure control in hypertensive patients in Yewalewadi region.

METHODOLOGY OF SURVEY^10,11:

A Home survey was done by visiting individual patients at Yewalewadi. Patients were ask to give prescription and the names of drug prescribed were noted down by the volunteers. Following information was also noted down.

1. Age

2. Gender

3. Name of drugs (Brand Name and Generic name)

The information so collected was processed as follows:

1. Age wise distribution of patient.

2. Gender wise distribution of patient.

3. Classification of drugs.

Code	Class of Antihypertensive Drugs	Code	Class of Antihypertensive Drugs
A	Diuretics	D	Angiotensin ii receptor antagonists
B	Calcium channel blockers	E	Adernergic recptor antagonists
C	Ace inhibitor	F	Vasodilators

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:

Rate of mortality due to hypertension is increasing day by day and it is the leading cause of mortality since many years. The present study was aimed at assessing the pattern of hypertension treatment in the region of Yewalewadi. The prescriptions that wrote by physician to patients were assessed in order to study this pattern.

Table No. 1: AGEWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PATIENTS

Sr No.	Age	Number of Patients
1.	21 to 30	6
2.	31 to 40	8
3.	41 to 50	16
4.	51 to 60	5
5.	61 to 70	8
6.	71 to 80	5
7.	81 to 90	2

Figure No. 1: Graph of Age wise Distribution

It also showed that the age wise distribution showed that more hypertensive patients in age group 41 to 50 followed age group 31-40 and 61-70 showed normal distribution and from the age group 51-60 to 81-90 years.

Table No. 2: GENDERWISE DISTRIBUTION OF PATIENTS

Gender	Number of Patients
Male	15
Female	35

Figure No. 2: Graph of Gender wise Distribution

The study revealed that the incidence of hypertension was more in female. It was 70 % female patients and 30 % male patients.

Table No.3: DISTRIBUTION ACCORDING TO CLASS OF DRUG

Sr.No.	Class of Drug	No. of Prescribed
	Thiazide Diuretics	4
2.	Calcium Channel blocker	27
3.	ACE inhibitor	1
4.	Angiotensin receptor blocker	13
5.	Adrenergic receptor antagonists	5
	Vasodialators	-

Figure No.3: Graph of Class of Antihypertensive Drugs

The physician prescribed for maximum number of time antihypertensive drugs like calcium channel blockers with 54 % which reduce calcium entry into vascular and cardiac cells. This reduces intracellular calcium concentration which, in turn, causes relaxation and vasodilation in arterial smooth muscle. Calcium channel blockers also reduce myocardial contractility in the heart. Angiotensin receptor blocker prescribed 26 %. The mechanism is angiotensin II promotes aldosterone secretion and acts as a vasoconstrictor; its blockage reduces peripheral vascular resistance and, as a result, lowers blood pressure⁹.

CONCLUSION:

It is concluded that maximum number of people in this region was having hypertension problem. The popularity of earlier drugs still continues and many new drugs have entered in the market and the physicians still rely on the cardiac targeted drugs directly affecting the kinetics and dynamics of heart. But during treatment the preload and after load with the help of vasodilators and diuretics is still neglected. Practioners mostly prescribed Calcium channel blocker drugs followed by Angiotensin receptor blocker. The report from the panel members appointed to the eighth Joint National Committee recommended the initiation of treatment with a thiazide-type diuretic, calcium channel blocker (CCB), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)¹². In this area the research is needed to be performed out so as to assess the comparative performance of the drugs acting on heart.

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Received on 13.04.2020 Modified on 19.05.2020

Asian J. Pharm. Res. 2020; 10(3):160-162.

DOI: 10.5958/2231-5691.2020.00028.3